Novel technological Treatments

Pulsed Electromagnetic Frequency (PEMF) Treatment acts by pulsing an electric current through a coil, creating a magnetic field. It increases nitric oxide production in the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels, causing them to relax. PEMF improves circulation and oxygenation, reduces blood pressure, promotes healing, and increases genital engorgement. Studies show that nitric oxide levels in plasma increase after PEMF application (Kim, 2019). PEMF stimulates cell growth and repair; may improve vulvovaginal atrophy, erectile disorder, and orgasmic difficulties; and help neurogenic overactive bladder and mixed incontinence (stress and urge) (Elhosary, 2022).

High-intensity focused electromagnetic technology is used to strengthen and tone the pelvic floor muscles (Samuels, 2019). It improves urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and vaginal laxity in women and sexual function in men and women. Electromagnetic pulses stimulate the pelvic floor muscles as the individual sits in a chair, causing the muscles to contract repeatedly. One example is the Emsella Chair. Usually, six treatments are performed over two weeks.

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation devices are similar to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) units. Electrodes deliver current to the pelvic floor, which causes the muscles to contract rhythmically, without conscious effort. The electrodes can be applied externally to the vulva via tight-fitting shorts, adhesive leads, or intravaginally through a probe (Dmochowski, 2019). 

Radiofrequency Thermal Treatment is usually performed by gynecologists and involves inserting a probe in the vagina that delivers painless heat to the vaginal canal and external clitoral and labial tissues (Robinson, 2020). The claim is that it improves circulation and blood flow, stimulates new collagen production, and regenerates nerves. Women have reported improvements in postpartum healing, ability to orgasm, sexual pleasure, vaginal intercourse satisfaction, vaginal laxity, vaginal moisture during sexual activity, mild bladder prolapse, and urinary leakage, but more research is needed to prove these benefits. Three treatments a month apart are usually recommended.

Red Light Therapy uses red or near-infrared light to stimulate the mitochondria and enhance ATP production. Red light therapy promotes circulation, collagen formation, and healing and reduces inflammation. The light is directed toward the genitals using a wrap, a seat, or other methods. The study of its benefits in women is minimal. Some benefits are reported for vaginal concerns, but not for female urinary incontinence per se (Cleveland Clinic, 2021). Studies have shown that red light therapy can increase testosterone levels and improve penile blood flow, erectile dysfunction, and sexual satisfaction  in men.